However, surprisingly little has been reported on the regulatory modules that have been identified as critical in ExPEC pathogenesis. Many reviews have described current knowledge on ExPEC infection strategies and virulence factors, especially for UPEC. coli (APEC), neonatal meningitis causing E. The predominant ExPEC types are avian pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) infections are common in mammals and birds. 3Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USAĮxtra-intestinal pathogenic E.
2Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.1Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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